Propriedades antioxidantes em subproduto do pedúnculo de caju (Anacardium occidentale L. ): efeito sobre a lipoperoxidação e o perfil de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados em ratos / Antioxidant properties in cashew apple byproduct (Anacardium occidentale L. ): effect on lipoperoxidation and on the polyunsaturated fatty acids profile in rats

O caju (Anacardium occidentale L.) apresenta substâncias fenólicas, as quais são atribuídas propriedades antioxidantes. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho objetivou verificar a capacidade antioxidante em subproduto, ou seja, no bagaço do pedúnculo do caju. O potencial antioxidante do extrato hidroalcoólico (EHAlc) do bagaço do pedúnculo de caju foi avaliado em sistema de varredura do radical 2,2'-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPHò) e em ensaio in vivo. No sistema DPPH, o extrato demonstrou atividade antioxidante de cerca de 95% em sua maior concentração (1000 µg/mL). Para o estudo in vivo, foram utilizados ratos Wistar administrando oralmente EHAlc (200 e 400 mg/kg de peso corpóreo) por 30 dias e analisados os tecidos plasmático, hepático e cerebral. Não houve alterações na peroxidação lipídica no plasma e no fígado dos animais tratados comparados ao grupo controle. Contudo, foi observada redução da lipoperoxidação no cérebro dos grupos tratados. Além do mais, neste tecido, os animais tratados apresentaram maior quantidade de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPI), destacando-se o ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA). Estes resultados indicam que o EHAlc contém antioxidantes naturais efetivos e que podem contribuir na redução da lipoperoxidação e preservação dos AGPICL no tecido cerebral de ratos, dando indícios da capacidade antioxidante do bagaço do pedúnculo de caju CCP-76.

The cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) contains phenolic compounds usually related with antioxidant properties. Then, the aim of this study was to investigate its antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant capacity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the cashew apple pulp (EHAlc.) was assessed for the scavenging of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) by in vitro method and by an in vivo essay. For this essay a 30-day oral (gavage, EHAlc. 200 and 400 mg/kg) study was conducted in Wistar male rats, evaluating hepatic, plasma and brain tissues. In DPPH model, the extract demonstrated antioxidant activity of 95% (largest concentration, 1000 µg/ mL). There were found no relevant peroxidation comparing the treated animals with the control group. However, the treated group presented a lower level of brain lipoperoxidation. Also in the treated animals brain tissue was found the largest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly docosahexaenoic (DHA). Therefore, the analyzed extract from cashew apple pulp clone CCP-76 contains effective natural antioxidants, responsible for free radical scavenging in vitro and also for decreasing the brain lipoperoxidation and keeping the PUFAS levels in Wistar rats.

Flavonoids of retama raetam, and in vitro antitumor screening of two isoflavones

From the aerial parts of Retama raefam ten flavonoids were isolated and identified as saponarin, genistein 8-C-glucoside, genistein 5-O- methylether, genistein 5,4'-di-O-methylether, alpuminoisoflavone, ephedroidin, luteolin, apigenin and two new flavones, luteolin 4'-O- neohesperidoside and 5,4'-dihydroxy- [3",4''- dihydro- [3",4"-dihdroxy] -2",2"dimethylpyrano [5",6":7,8]-flavone[1]. In vitro antitumor screening of genistein-5-O-methylether and genistein-8-C-glucoside were carried out on sixty human tumor cell lines

lipid and flavonoidal constituents of Herniaria nemistemon J.gay and their biological activity

The LIPID content of Herniaria nemistemon grown in Egypt was studied. The unsaponifiable fraction was identified by GLC. A series of hydrocarbons ranging from C[20]-C[32], in addition to cholesterol, campasterol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, and the triterpenoid alpha-amyrin, as well as fatty alcohol fraction ranging from C[31]-C[38] were identified. The fatty acid fraction revealed the presence of the 14 fatty acids in which palmitic acid [21.62%] represented the major constituent. The flavonoidal constituents isolated from the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of aqueous alcoholic extract of H. nemistemon were identified as kaempferol, quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 7-O-rhamnoglucosyl, vitexin and kaempferol 4'-methyl ether, using PC, TLC, UV,[1] H-NMR and MS analysis. The different extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for antioxidant activity against [DPPH]. The ethyl acetate extract possessed the highest antioxidant activity followed by chloroform extract, and the fraction containing triterpene and sterols presented a relatively strong antioxidant effect, also it was found that all the isolated flavonoidal compounds showed high activity. The different extracts and isolated compounds of the plant exhibited no cytotoxic activity against Ehrlich-ascites carcinoma cell line at the tested concentrations

phytochemical investigation of asteropterus leyseroides [Desf] and their biological activity

The flavonoidal constituents isolated from the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of aqueous alcoholic extract of Asteropterus leyseroides [Desf] were identified as quercetin, Jaceidin, jacein and a phenolic acid, caffeic acid using PC, TLC, uv,[1-]H-NMR and MS analysis. Also, the lipid content was studied. GLC analysis of the unsaponifiable fraction revealed the presence of a series of hydrocarbons ranging from C[I2]-C[29] in addition to cholesterol, stigmasterol and alpha-amyrin, as well as fatty alcohol fraction ranging from C[24]-C[39] were identified. The fatty acid fraction revealed the presence of 10 fatty acids in which linoliec acid [35.99%] represented the major constituent. The crude protein of the plant was found to be [12.71%]. The analysis of the amino acids using the amino acid analyzer revealed the presence of 15 amino acids. The mucilage hydrolysate of the aerial parts of Asteropterus leyseroides was found to contain glucouronic acid, xylose, rhamnose and glucose using PC. The radical scavenging effects of the tested extracts and isolated compounds on 1, 1 Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] free radical were observed. The ethyl acetate fraction and the isolated flavonoidal compounds showed high antioxidant activity. The different extracts and isolated compounds of the plant exhibited no cytotoxic activity against Ehrlich-ascitis carcinoma cell line at the tested concentrations

Phytochemical and bioactivity investigation of chrysanthemum coronarium [var. discolor] durv growing in Egypt

The unsaponifiable fraction afforded by the pet. ether extract of the aerial parts of Chrysanthemum coronarium [var. discolor] was analysed by GLC. A series of hydrocarbons ranging from C[13]-C[29] in addition to cholesterol, stigmasterol and the triterpenoids alpha-amyrin and Beta-amyrin were identified. The GLC analysis of the fatty alcohol fraction revealed presence of 9 waxy alcohols, also analysis of the fatty acid fraction revealed the presence of 14 fatty acids in which. linolenic acid represent the main component [19.42%]. The flavonoid constituents isolated from the flowers and leaves were identified as quercetin, luteolin-4'-methyl ether, quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl from the flowers and luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide,quercetin-7-O-glucoside and quercetin -3-O-rhamnogalactoside from the leaves . Their identity was proved by m.p, TLC, PC, UV, [1]H-NMR and MS analysis. GLC analysis of the volatile oil of Chrysanthemunt coronarium [Var. discolor] allowed the identification of 27 compounds which represent [79.5%] of the oil. The oil is characterized by a high content of monoterpene hydrocarbons, among which are limonene [19.3%] and alpha-pinene [11.14%] were the major compounds. Sesquiterpene compounds, either hydrocarbons or oxygenated, were detected as minor or trace amount. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts showed a strong antioxidant activity, using DPPH, while the volatile oil showed moderate activity, also the flavonoidal compounds isolated from the plant showed significant antioxidant activity compared to Trolox [standard antioxidant compound]. The different extracts and the isolated compounds of the plant exhibited no cytotoxic activity against Ehrlich-ascites carcinoma cell line, while the volatile oil which showed moderate activity

Spectrofluorimetric determination of bisoprolol fumarate and valsartan in tablets and spiked plasma

Simple, sensitive and rapid spectrofluorimetric procedure is described for the determination of two antihypertensive drugs namely, Bisoprolol fumarate [BSF] and Valsartan [VT]. The effect of solvents was investigated. The fluorescence properties of the two cited drugs showed maximum emission intensity in 0.1N H[2]SO[4] at lambda [em] 298 and 415nm for BSF and VT, respectively, when excited at lambda[ex] 227nm. The calibration graphs were rectilinear from 0.08-1.28 and 0.12-1.6 micro g/ml for BSF and VT respectively. The method, was applied to the determination of the two cited drugs in tablets either single or when co-formulated with hydrochlorothiazide [HZ] with % recoveries of 100.03 +/- 0.57 and 99.70 +/- 0.90 for BSF and VT, respectively. Furthermore, the high sensitivity of the proposed method it allowed its application in spiked human plasma with good % recoveries of 99.73 +/- 2.06 for BSF and 99.94 +/- 1.71 for VT

Caracterización de componentes volátiles urinarios mediante perfiles cromatográficos en fase gaseosa (Static Headspace Analysis): aplicación en bioquímica clínica / Characterization of volatile urinary components through gas chromatographic profiles \"Static Headspace Analysis\": biochemical clinical application

Se ha utilizado la técnica de muestreo de la fase vapor en equilibrio con matrices líquidas (Static Headspace Analysis, Static HSA) para el estudio de orinas provenientes de niños normales y de pacientes diabéticos. El análisis de los componentes volátiles extraídos a 80 ñ 2º C se efectuó por cromatografía gaseosa empleando una columna rellena con "Porapak Q". Se demuestra que la expresión gráfica de los resultados mediante "perfiles cromatográficos", constituye una forma rápida de caracterizar y diferenciar individuos normales y diabéticos. Se destacan las ventajas de aplicación de esta técnica para contribuir al diagnóstico de algunas patologías matabólicas